Understanding Species Diversity (species)
The level of biodiversity represents the number and type of species at the site or on the planet. Biodiversity (biodiversity) is a variation of living organisms at three levels, namely the level of genes, species, and ecosystems.
According to Soerjani (2016 on Molecular Identification and Diversity of Species), biodiversity is related to the uniqueness of a species and the genetic makeup of the living being. Called unique because the species lives in a special habitat or the food it eats is very typical. For example komodo (Varanus komodoensis) only exists on the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, Gili Dasami, and Padar, pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) that live in China only eat bamboo leaves, and koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) that live in Australia only eat Eucalyptus (eucalyptus) leaves.
Based on his understanding, biodiversity can be divided into three types, namely gene diversity (genetic), species diversity (type), and ecosystem diversity. Scientists generally accept that the level of biodiversity represents the number and type of species at the site or on the planet. Species can be difficult to determine, but most biologists still feel comfortable with existing concepts and are able to identify and count eukaryotic species in many contexts. Biologists have also identified alternative biodiversity measures, some of which are important for planning how to preserve biodiversity.
Species or species have an understanding of individuals who have similarities morphologically, anatomically, physiologically, and are able to mate with each other (inter hybridization) which produces fertile offspring (fertile) to continue their generation.
Diversity shows all the variations found in living things between species. Differences between species of organisms within a family are more striking, so they are more easily observed than differences between individuals within a species. Diversity at the species level occurs because of variations in the species.
In taxonomic order, variations lie one level below the species. The above explained that there is uniformity at the species level but within this uniformity there is also diversity. This diversity is caused by the diversity of genes that control species. At higher taxonomic levels, species diversity can be easily observed. In the environment around it is easy to find various types of animals and plants.
In one family of grasses (Gramineae) we can find puzzle grass, rice and corn. In a family of cats (Felidae) can be found tigers, cats, lions, and cheetahs.
Species diversity is the difference that can be found in the community or groups of various species that live in a place. For example in a yard there are mango, coconut, orange, rambutan, rose, jasmine, cempaka, ginger, turmeric, birds, beetles, bees, ants, butterflies, and worms. Higher species diversity is generally found places far from human life, for example in the forest.
In the forest there are more types of animals and plants than in the fields or in the garden.
There are several types of organisms that have almost the same physical characteristics. For example palm group (Palmae) plants such as coconut, areca nut, palm, and palm which have leaves such as ribbons. However, these plants are different species, coconut has the name species Cocos nucifera, areca catechu named areca caten, Arenga pinnata, and palm named Elaeis guineensis. Animals of the genus Panthera, consisting of several species, including tigers (Panthera tigris), lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), and jaguars (Panthera onca).
Genetic diversity is an alternative concept. Genetic diversity or variation is a raw material for adaptation to a species.
Future potential A species ‘for adaptation depends on genetic diversity that is held in the genomes of individuals in populations that make up the species. The same applies to the higher taxonomic category. A genus with a very different type of species will have genetic diversity more than one genus with similar species and have the same ecology. If there is a choice between one genus of the species to be retained, the one with the greatest potential for subsequent evolution is the most diverse genetic.